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Richelieu is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France. It lies south of Chinon and west of Sainte-Maure de Touraine and is surrounded by mostly agricultural land. Its inhabitants are called Richelais, and Richelaises. Because of its design as the "ideal city" of the seventeenth century, the town is the subject of protective measures for its architecture. ==History== In 1343, salt became a state monopoly by order of the Valois king Philip VI, who established the ''gabelle'', the tax on salt. Anjou was part of the "great gabelle" area and encompassed sixteen special tribunals or "salt granaries", including that of Richelieu. The village was a 17th-century model "new town". It was built at the order of Cardinal Richelieu, who had spent his youth there and bought the village of his ancestors; he had the estate raised to a ''duché-pairie'' August 1631. He engaged the architect Jacques Lemercier, who was already responsible for the Sorbonne and the Cardinal's ''hôtel'' in Paris, the Palais Cardinal (now the Palais-Royal). With the permission of the king, Louis XIII, he created from scratch a walled town on a grid arrangement, and, enclosing within its volumes the modest home of his childhood, an adjacent palace, the Château de Richelieu,〔The château was engraved by Jean Marot, ''La magnifique chasteau de Richelieu'', about 1660; it is unlikely that essential changes had been made since the Cardinal's death. The château was described, on the basis of Marot's engraving, by H. Carrington Lancaster, "The Chateau de Richelieu and Desmaretz's Visionnaires" ''Modern Language Notes'' 60.3 (March 1945:167-172) on which the present description is based.〕 surrounded by an ornamental moat and large imposing walls enclosing a series of entrance courts towards the town and, on the opposite side, grand axially-planned formal vista gardens of parterres and gravel walks, a central circular fountain, and views reaching to an exedra cut in the surrounding trees and pierced by an avenue in the woodlands extending to the horizon. The pleasure grounds were enclosed in woodland;〔SMarot's engraving preserves the layout of the gardens in detail.〕 since their innovative example was followed and extended at Vaux-le-Vicomte and in the gardens of Versailles, and since André Le Nôtre's father was employed at Richelieu in 1629, and it is not improbable that the young boy was employed as well,〔Derek Clifford, ''A History of Garden Design'' 1963 fig. 26 facing p. 65.〕 it is worth making a detailed survey. Construction took place between 1631 and 1642 – the year of the Cardinal's death – and employed around 2000 workers. A smaller chateau built for the Cardinal's mistress is located 4 km outside the town. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.winkworth-international.com/en/property/france-nr-richelieu-indre-et-loire-pays-de-la-loire-wnkfrloi000043 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richelieu, Indre-et-Loire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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